Adverb

Adverb

An adverb is the part of the speech which modifies the meaning of the verb, the adjective or other adverb. The adverb expresses the way in which the subject is doing the action.

Наречие е тази част от речта, която определя значението на глагола, прилагателното или друго наречие.

Examples:

He drives fast. (modify the verb “drive”)

She writes quickly. (modify the verb “write”)

She is a very nice girl. (modify the adjective “nice”)

It’s too sweet. (modify the adjective “sweet”)

He speaks very loudly. (modify the other adverb “loudly”)

Forms of adverbs 😄 Форми на наречията

1.      Simple adverbs – they are: 

Прости наречия

very, quite, away, soon, yet, seldom, even, only, etc.

2.     Derivative adverbs – they are formed with the adjectives + suffixes -ly

Производни наречия – формират се от прилагателното и прибавянето на наставка -ly

Rules for forming adverbs:

📌add the suffix -ly to an adjective

📌when the adjective ends in -y, change -y into -i and then add -ly

📌when the adjective ends in -l, add -ly, as a result we have -lly

📌when the adjective ends in -le, the -e is dropped and then -ly is added

📌when the adjective ends in -ic, add the suffix -ally, as an result we have

-ically

Правила при образуването на наречията:

📌прибави наставка -ly към прилагателното

📌когато прилагателното завършва на -y, промени -y в-i и след това добави -ly

📌когато прилагателното завършва на -l, добави-ly, получава се -lly

📌когато прилагателното завършва на -le, -e се пропуска и се добавя -ly

📌когато прилагателното завършва на -ic, добави -ally, получава се -ically

adjectives	adverbs
quick	quickly
honest	honestly
mad	madly
cheap	cheaply
lucky	luckily
easy	easily
happy	happily
usual	usually
legal	legally
terrible	terribly
incredible	incredibly
tragic	tragically
terrific	terrifically

3.            Compound adverbs – are made up of more than one word

Съставни наречия – направени са от повече от една дума

        

 somewhere, somehow, nowhere, anyhow, etc.

4. Adverbs that don’t change their form - they have the same form as adjectives:

Наречия, които не си променят формата – съвпадат с формата на прилагателното

adjectives	adverbs
hard	hard
fast	fast
straight	straight
loud	loud
far	far

4.    Adverbs that change their form, but have very different meaning from adjective:

Наречия, които си променят формата, но получават съвсем различно значение от това на прилагателното

adjectives	adverbs	adverbs
hard - труден	hard - усилено	hardly - едва
high - висок	high - нависоко	highly - високо
short - къс	short -рязко	shortly - скоро
late - закъснял	late - късно	lately - напоследък
pretty – хубав	pretty - доста	prettily - хубаво
most -	most - най	mostly – най-вече
near - близък	near - близо	nearly - почти

Examples:

She works hard. – Тя работи усилено.

She hardly ever works. – Тя почти не работи.

The sun rose high in the sky. – Слънцето се е издигнало нависоко в небето.

She is a highly paid attorney. – Тя е високоплатен адвокат.

This task is pretty difficult. – Тази задача е доста трудна.

She is prettily dressed. – Тя е хубаво облечена.

Types of adverbs and their place in the sentence

There are several types of adverbs which are classified by which question they answer: how, where, when, how often, etc. The position of the adverb in the sentence depends on the type of adverb.

Има няколко вида наречия, които са класифицирани според въпроса, на който те отговарят: как, къде, кога, колко често, до каква степен, и др. Мястото на наречието в изречението зависи от вида на наречието.

Let see them all:

Adverbs of manner - respond to the question: how?

These adverbs give information about how the action is done. Most of them end in -ly.

👉quietly, loudly, carefully, softly, beautifully, gracefully, fast, slowly, hard, sadly, politely, kindly, etc.

Position: Adverbs of manner are found after the direct object of the sentence. If there is no object, these adverbs are found after the verb.

Examples:

He closed the door quietly.

You speak English perfectly.

She read the book quickly.

She speaks softly.

He replied slowly.

Please drive carefully.

The rabbit runs fast.

Adverbs of place - respond to the question: where?

👉here, there, everywhere, nowhere, out, in, above, below, inside, outside, into, etc.

Position: Adverbs of place are located after the object of the sentence or after the verb.

Examples:

I bought my bag there.

I am looking for Ana, is she here?

I couldn’t find my keys anywhere.

She wants to travel everywhere.

Adverbs of time - respond to the question: when?

👉never, lately, just, always, recently, during, yet, soon, sometimes, 

usually, so far, today, finally, eventually, later, tomorrow, last week, today, etc.

Position: Adverbs of time generally are located before the verb or at the end of the sentence.

Examples:

Recently, I have been reading a lot of books. I have been doing a lot more exercises at the gym recently.

She just woke up. She usually goes to school on time. She never misses the bus.

During the night somebody stole my car. My car had been stolen during the night.

Finally, she finished the project. She finished the project finally.

See you later! See you soon! See you tomorrow!

Adverbs of frequency - respond to the question: how often?

👉always, often, frequently, usually, sometimes, rarely, seldom, never, normally, again, etc.

Position: Adverbs of frequency are located in front of the verb, but if the verb is “to be”, the adverb is located after the verb.

Examples:

She usually wears black. She is always late.

I never eat in restaurants.  I am never wrong about cooking.

He seldom mentions her name. He is seldom alone.

Adverbs of degree - respond to the question: to what extent?

These adverbs explain the level or intensity of a verb, adjective or another adverb.

too, very, really, almost, hardly, quite, barely, just, nearly, completely, enough, simply, so, etc.

Position: Adverbs of degree is located in front the word that they modify.

Examples:

He almost missed the flight.

I am very busy these days.

I really hope she get the job.

The weather is too cold for walking outside.

She has just arrived.

I am completely exhausted.

Adverbs of comment, opinion, evaluation

👉frankly, obviously, personally, unfortunately, fortunately, seriously, surely, stupidly, foolishly, cleverly, truthfully, etc.

Position: Adverbs of degree could be placed at the beginning of the sentence, before the main verb or at the end of the sentence.

Examples:

Frankly, I don’t know the answer.

Obviously, she is there right now.

I seriously can’t wait right now.

I’d personally rather fly instead of drive there.

She tried to finish on time, surely.

Linking adverbs (called also conjunctive adverb, connective adverb, transition words)

Linking adverbs connect two independent clauses or sentences. They show cause and effect, sequence, contrast, comparison or other relationships.

👉moreover, in addition, as a result, besides, however, instead, unlike, additionally, likewise, otherwise, in contrast to, however, etc.

Punctuation: semicolon (;), comma (,), period (.)

·        Behind first clause or sentence, use semicolon or period

·        then add linking adverb and use comma after it

·        then add the second clause or sentence and put a period in the end

Main clause; linking adverb, main clause.

Main clause. Linking adverb, main clause.

Examples:

You must study for the exam. Otherwise, you might get a bad grate.

I don’t want to play video games; besides, I am too tired.

Other adverbs – even, only, still, yet, already

🔖 even, only – they are used to emphasize the phrase in the sentence that comes after them or they could be placed before the phrase that they refer to.

He is even jealous of her. He plays tennis even in the rain.

I only liked the first book. I liked only the first book.

🔖 still - shows that the action is continued up to now or something that has not happened yet, but it’s possible that it happens. Still is placed in front of the verb except when the verb is “to be”, in which case it is found after the verb.

I am still waiting for him. He could still come.

🔖 yet - shows that something has not happened yet or asking if something has already happened. Yet always goes at the end of the sentence

She hasn’t called yet. Has she called yet?

🔖 already – shows that something happened earlier than expected. Already is placed before the verb or at the end of the sentence.

She has already arrived.

I already finished my homework. I finished my homework already.

Degree of comparison in adverbs

There are three Degrees of Comparison in adverbs which are used to describe the verb, adjective or another adverb in the sentence:

1. Positive degree.

2. Comparative degree.

3. Superlative degree.

The adverbs form their comparatives and superlatives using -er and -est , and more and most. Adverbs that end in -ly use the words more and most to form their comparatives and superlatives.

Има три степени на сравнение при наречията, които се използват за да се опише глагола, прилагателното или друго наречие – положителна, сравнителна и превъзходна степен.

Наречията образуват сравнителна и превъзходна степен чрез -er и -est , more и most.

Examples:

She reads as slowly as she can.

She speaks more loudly than a loudspeaker.

She’s the most outgoing out of all of us.

Read more about: Degree of comparison in adverbs here

Read also vocabulary about:

• Telling the time

• Days of the week

• Months of the year

• Friends

• Family

• Weather

• Vegetables

• Fruits