Seasons in English
The year is divided into four seasons: spring, summer,
autumn/fall, and winter. Each season lasts 3 months.
The seasons have a lot of impact on what happens on
the earth.
🌓In the spring, animals are born, and plants come back
to life.
🌕Summer is hot and it is when kids are usually out of
school and we take vacations to the beach. Crops are often harvested at the end
of the summer.
🌖During autumn, the leaves change colors and fall off
the trees and school start again.
🌗Winter is cold and it snows in many places. Some
animals, like bears, sleep in the winter, while other animals, like birds,
migrate to warmer climates.
What caused the seasons?
Seasons are caused by the
rotation of the Earth around the Sun. The Earth's path around the Sun is called its
orbit.
It takes the Earth a
year, or 365 days, to orbit around the Sun.
Depending on where
Earth is on its journey around the Sun, the amount of sunlight different
areas on the planet get
every day changes slightly. This means different
places in the world experience the seasons at different times.
The Earth’s axis has a tilt!
As we know the Earth revolves around the Sun once every year, but the Earth also rotates on its axis
every 24 hours - this causes daytime and nighttime, and one rotation equals a
day.
However, the
Earth’s axis is slightly tilted. If we want to be precise, the Earth is tilted
23.5 degrees from its orbital plane with the Sun.
How
does Earth’s tilt affect us?
The tilt has two major effects: the angle of the Sun to the Earth and
length of the days. For half of the year, the Earth is tilted so that the North Pole points towards the Sun. For the other half, the South Pole is pointed at the Sun. When the North
Pole is angled toward the Sun, the days in the northern part of the planet (north of the
equator) get more sunlight or longer days and shorter nights. Because of the longer days, the northern
hemisphere heats up and it’s summer. As the
year progresses, the Earth's tilt changes to where the North Pole is pointing
away from the Sun, causing winter.
For this reason, seasons north of the Equator are the opposite of seasons south of the Equator. When it's winter in Europe and the United States, it will be summer in Brazil and Australia.
For this reason, seasons north of the Equator are the opposite of seasons south of the Equator. When it's winter in Europe and the United States, it will be summer in Brazil and Australia.
We talked about the
length of the day changing, but the angle of the Sun changes as well. In summer, the sunlight falls directly on the Earth, giving more energy to
the Earth's surface and heating it up. During the winter, the sunlight hits the
Earth at an angle. This gives less energy and doesn't heat the Earth as much.
Length of days and nights
In the Northern Hemisphere, the longest day is on June 21st while the longest night is on December 21st. It's just the opposite in the Southern Hemisphere- the longest day is December 21st and the longest night is June 21st. There are two days a year where the day and night are exactly equal. These are September 22nd and March 21st.
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